710 lines
29 KiB
Python
710 lines
29 KiB
Python
import requests
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import time
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import re
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import logging
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import os
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import urllib3
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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
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from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
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from django.conf import settings
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from django.utils import timezone
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from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
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from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
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from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
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from .models import Website, CrawlTask, CrawledContent, CrawlLog, SearchKeyword, MediaFile
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# 禁用SSL警告
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urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
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# 设置日志记录器
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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class WebsiteCrawler:
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"""网站爬虫引擎"""
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def __init__(self, task_id):
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self.task = CrawlTask.objects.get(id=task_id)
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self.keywords = [kw.strip() for kw in self.task.keywords.split(',') if kw.strip()]
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# 创建带重试策略的会话
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self.session = requests.Session()
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self.session.headers.update({
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'User-Agent': settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS['USER_AGENT']
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})
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# 设置重试策略
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retry_strategy = Retry(
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total=settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS.get('MAX_RETRIES', 3),
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backoff_factor=1,
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status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504],
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)
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adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry_strategy)
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self.session.mount("http://", adapter)
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self.session.mount("https://", adapter)
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# 设置超时
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self.timeout = settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS['TIMEOUT']
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def log(self, level, message, website=None):
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"""记录日志"""
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CrawlLog.objects.create(
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task=self.task,
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website=website,
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level=level,
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message=message
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)
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# 同时记录到Python日志系统
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logger.log(getattr(logging, level.upper()), f"Task {self.task.id}: {message}")
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def update_task_status(self, status, **kwargs):
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"""更新任务状态"""
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self.task.status = status
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if status == 'running' and not self.task.started_at:
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self.task.started_at = timezone.now()
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elif status in ['completed', 'failed', 'cancelled']:
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self.task.completed_at = timezone.now()
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for key, value in kwargs.items():
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setattr(self.task, key, value)
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self.task.save()
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def extract_text_content(self, soup):
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"""提取文本内容，保持段落结构"""
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# 移除脚本和样式标签
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for script in soup(["script", "style"]):
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script.decompose()
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# 处理段落标签，保持段落结构
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paragraphs = []
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# 查找所有段落相关的标签
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for element in soup.find_all(['p', 'div', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'br']):
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if element.name in ['p', 'div']:
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text = element.get_text().strip()
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if text:
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paragraphs.append(text)
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elif element.name in ['h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6']:
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text = element.get_text().strip()
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if text:
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paragraphs.append(f"\n{text}\n") # 标题前后加换行
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elif element.name == 'br':
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paragraphs.append('\n')
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# 如果没有找到段落标签，使用原来的方法
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if not paragraphs:
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text = soup.get_text()
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# 清理文本但保持换行
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lines = []
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for line in text.splitlines():
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line = line.strip()
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if line:
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lines.append(line)
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return '\n\n'.join(lines)
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# 合并段落，用双换行分隔
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content = '\n\n'.join(paragraphs)
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# 清理多余的空行
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import re
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content = re.sub(r'\n\s*\n\s*\n', '\n\n', content)
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return content.strip()
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def find_article_links(self, soup, base_url):
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"""查找文章链接"""
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links = []
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# 常见的文章链接选择器
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selectors = [
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'a[href*="article"]',
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'a[href*="news"]',
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'a[href*="content"]',
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'a[href*="detail"]',
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'a[href*="view"]',
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'a[href*="show"]',
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'.news-list a',
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'.article-list a',
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'.content-list a',
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'h3 a',
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'h4 a',
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'.title a',
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'.list-item a'
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]
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for selector in selectors:
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elements = soup.select(selector)
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for element in elements:
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href = element.get('href')
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if href:
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full_url = urljoin(base_url, href)
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title = element.get_text().strip()
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if title and len(title) > 5: # 过滤掉太短的标题
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links.append({
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'url': full_url,
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'title': title
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})
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return links
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def check_keyword_match(self, text, title):
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"""检查关键字匹配"""
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matched_keywords = []
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text_lower = text.lower()
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title_lower = title.lower()
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for keyword in self.keywords:
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keyword_lower = keyword.lower()
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if keyword_lower in text_lower or keyword_lower in title_lower:
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matched_keywords.append(keyword)
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return matched_keywords
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def extract_article_content(self, url, soup):
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"""提取文章内容"""
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# 尝试多种内容选择器
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content_selectors = [
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'.article-content',
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'.content',
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'.article-body',
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'.news-content',
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'.main-content',
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'.post-content',
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'article',
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'.detail-content',
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'#content',
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'.text'
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]
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content = ""
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for selector in content_selectors:
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element = soup.select_one(selector)
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if element:
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content = self.extract_text_content(element)
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if len(content) > 100: # 确保内容足够长
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break
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# 如果没找到特定内容区域，使用整个页面
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if not content or len(content) < 100:
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content = self.extract_text_content(soup)
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return content
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def extract_publish_date(self, soup):
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"""提取发布时间"""
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date_selectors = [
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'.publish-time',
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'.pub-time',
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'.date',
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'.time',
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'.publish-date',
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'time[datetime]',
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'.article-time',
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'.news-time',
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'.post-time',
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'.create-time',
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'.update-time',
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'.time span',
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'.date span',
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'.info span', # 一些网站使用.info类包含发布信息
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'.meta span',
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'.meta-info',
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'.article-info span',
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'.news-info span',
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'.content-info span',
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'.a-shijian', # 上海纪检监察网站的发布时间类
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'.l-time' # 天津纪检监察网站的发布时间类
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]
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for selector in date_selectors:
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elements = soup.select(selector)
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for element in elements:
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date_text = element.get_text().strip()
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if element.get('datetime'):
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date_text = element.get('datetime')
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# 如果文本太短或为空，跳过
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if not date_text or len(date_text) < 4:
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continue
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# 尝试解析日期
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try:
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from datetime import datetime
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import re
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# 清理日期文本，移除常见的无关字符
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date_text = re.sub(r'发布(时间|日期)[:：]?', '', date_text).strip()
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date_text = re.sub(r'时间[:：]?', '', date_text).strip()
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date_text = re.sub(r'日期[:：]?', '', date_text).strip()
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date_text = re.sub(r'发表于[:：]?', '', date_text).strip()
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date_text = re.sub(r'更新[:：]?', '', date_text).strip()
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date_text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', date_text).strip() # 替换多个空白字符为单个空格
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# 如果有 datetime 属性且是标准格式，直接使用
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if element.get('datetime'):
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datetime_attr = element.get('datetime')
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# 尝试解析常见的日期时间格式
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for fmt in [
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'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
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'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',
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'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z',
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'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
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'%Y-%m-%d',
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'%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
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'%Y/%m/%d %H:%M',
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'%Y/%m/%d',
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'%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S',
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'%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M',
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'%Y年%m月%d日',
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'%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',
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'%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',
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'%m/%d/%Y',
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'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S',
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'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M',
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'%d/%m/%Y',
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'%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S',
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'%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',
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'%d.%m.%Y'
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]:
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try:
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if '%z' in fmt and '+' not in datetime_attr and datetime_attr.endswith('Z'):
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datetime_attr = datetime_attr[:-1] + '+0000'
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parsed_date = datetime.strptime(datetime_attr, fmt)
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if not timezone.is_aware(parsed_date):
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parsed_date = timezone.make_aware(parsed_date)
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return parsed_date
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except ValueError:
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continue
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# 尝试解析从文本中提取的日期
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# 尝试解析各种常见的中文日期格式
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for fmt in [
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'%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S',
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'%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M',
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'%Y年%m月%d日',
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'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
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'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
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'%Y-%m-%d',
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'%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
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'%Y/%m/%d %H:%M',
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'%Y/%m/%d',
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'%m月%d日 %H:%M',
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'%m月%d日',
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'%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',
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'%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',
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'%m/%d/%Y',
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'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S',
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'%d/%m/%Y %H:%M',
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'%d/%m/%Y',
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'%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S',
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'%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',
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'%d.%m.%Y'
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]:
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try:
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parsed_date = datetime.strptime(date_text, fmt)
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# 如果没有年份，使用当前年份
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if '%Y' not in fmt:
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parsed_date = parsed_date.replace(year=datetime.now().year)
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if not timezone.is_aware(parsed_date):
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parsed_date = timezone.make_aware(parsed_date)
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return parsed_date
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except ValueError:
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continue
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# 如果以上格式都不匹配，尝试使用 dateutil 解析
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try:
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from dateutil import parser
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# 过滤掉明显不是日期的文本
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if len(date_text) > 5 and not date_text.isdigit():
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parsed_date = parser.parse(date_text)
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if not timezone.is_aware(parsed_date):
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parsed_date = timezone.make_aware(parsed_date)
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return parsed_date
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except:
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pass
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except Exception as e:
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self.log('debug', f'解析日期失败: {date_text}, 错误: {str(e)}')
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continue
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return None
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def extract_author(self, soup):
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"""提取作者信息"""
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author_selectors = [
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'.author',
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'.writer',
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'.publisher',
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'.byline',
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'.article-author',
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'.news-author'
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]
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for selector in author_selectors:
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element = soup.select_one(selector)
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if element:
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return element.get_text().strip()
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return ""
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def download_media_file(self, media_url, crawled_content, media_type='image', alt_text=''):
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"""下载媒体文件"""
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try:
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# 检查URL是否有效
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if not media_url or not media_url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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return None
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# 请求媒体文件
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response = self.session.get(
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media_url,
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timeout=self.timeout,
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verify=False,
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stream=False # 改为False以确保获取完整内容
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)
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response.raise_for_status()
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# 获取文件信息
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content_type = response.headers.get('content-type', '')
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content_length = response.headers.get('content-length')
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file_size = int(content_length) if content_length else len(response.content)
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# 确定文件扩展名
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file_extension = self.get_file_extension_from_url(media_url, content_type)
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# 生成文件名
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filename = f"media_{crawled_content.id}_{len(crawled_content.media_files.all())}{file_extension}"
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# 创建媒体文件对象
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media_file = MediaFile.objects.create(
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content=crawled_content,
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media_type=media_type,
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original_url=media_url,
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file_size=file_size,
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mime_type=content_type,
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alt_text=alt_text
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)
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# 保存文件
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media_file.local_file.save(
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filename,
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ContentFile(response.content),
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save=True
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)
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self.log('info', f'媒体文件已下载: {filename} ({media_type})', crawled_content.website)
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return media_file
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except Exception as e:
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self.log('error', f'下载媒体文件失败 {media_url}: {str(e)}', crawled_content.website)
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return None
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def get_file_extension_from_url(self, url, content_type):
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"""从URL或内容类型获取文件扩展名"""
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# 从URL获取扩展名
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parsed_url = urlparse(url)
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path = parsed_url.path
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if '.' in path:
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return os.path.splitext(path)[1]
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# 从内容类型获取扩展名
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content_type_map = {
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'image/jpeg': '.jpg',
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'image/jpg': '.jpg',
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'image/png': '.png',
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'image/gif': '.gif',
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'image/webp': '.webp',
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'image/svg+xml': '.svg',
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'video/mp4': '.mp4',
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'video/avi': '.avi',
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'video/mov': '.mov',
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'video/wmv': '.wmv',
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'video/flv': '.flv',
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'video/webm': '.webm',
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'audio/mp3': '.mp3',
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'audio/wav': '.wav',
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'audio/ogg': '.ogg',
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'application/pdf': '.pdf',
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'application/msword': '.doc',
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'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document': '.docx',
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}
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return content_type_map.get(content_type.lower(), '.bin')
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def extract_and_download_media(self, soup, crawled_content, base_url):
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"""提取并下载页面中的媒体文件"""
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media_files = []
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# 提取图片
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images = soup.find_all('img')
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self.log('info', f'找到 {len(images)} 个图片标签', crawled_content.website)
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for img in images:
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src = img.get('src')
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if src:
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# 处理相对URL
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if src.startswith('//'):
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src = 'https:' + src
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elif src.startswith('/'):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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elif not src.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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alt_text = img.get('alt', '')
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self.log('info', f'尝试下载图片: {src}', crawled_content.website)
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media_file = self.download_media_file(src, crawled_content, 'image', alt_text)
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if media_file:
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media_files.append(media_file)
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self.log('info', f'成功下载图片: {media_file.local_file.name}', crawled_content.website)
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# 提取视频
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videos = soup.find_all(['video', 'source'])
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for video in videos:
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src = video.get('src')
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if src:
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# 处理相对URL
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if src.startswith('//'):
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src = 'https:' + src
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elif src.startswith('/'):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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elif not src.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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media_file = self.download_media_file(src, crawled_content, 'video')
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if media_file:
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media_files.append(media_file)
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# 提取音频
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audios = soup.find_all('audio')
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for audio in audios:
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src = audio.get('src')
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if src:
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# 处理相对URL
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if src.startswith('//'):
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src = 'https:' + src
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elif src.startswith('/'):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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elif not src.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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||
|
||
media_file = self.download_media_file(src, crawled_content, 'audio')
|
||
if media_file:
|
||
media_files.append(media_file)
|
||
|
||
return media_files
|
||
|
||
def mark_content_saved(self, crawled_content):
|
||
"""标记内容已保存（内容已存储在数据库中）"""
|
||
try:
|
||
crawled_content.is_local_saved = True
|
||
crawled_content.save()
|
||
|
||
media_count = crawled_content.media_files.count()
|
||
self.log('info', f'文章内容已保存到数据库 (包含 {media_count} 个媒体文件)', crawled_content.website)
|
||
return True
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'标记内容保存状态失败: {str(e)}', crawled_content.website)
|
||
return False
|
||
|
||
def crawl_website(self, website):
|
||
"""爬取单个网站"""
|
||
self.log('info', f'开始爬取网站: {website.name}', website)
|
||
|
||
try:
|
||
# 请求主页
|
||
response = self.session.get(
|
||
website.url,
|
||
timeout=self.timeout,
|
||
verify=False # 忽略SSL证书验证
|
||
)
|
||
response.raise_for_status()
|
||
|
||
# 检查内容编码
|
||
if response.encoding != 'utf-8':
|
||
# 尝试从响应头获取编码
|
||
content_type = response.headers.get('content-type', '')
|
||
if 'charset=' in content_type:
|
||
charset = content_type.split('charset=')[-1]
|
||
response.encoding = charset
|
||
else:
|
||
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
|
||
|
||
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
|
||
|
||
# 查找文章链接
|
||
article_links = self.find_article_links(soup, website.url)
|
||
self.log('info', f'找到 {len(article_links)} 个文章链接', website)
|
||
|
||
crawled_count = 0
|
||
for link_info in article_links:
|
||
try:
|
||
# 请求文章页面
|
||
article_response = self.session.get(
|
||
link_info['url'],
|
||
timeout=self.timeout,
|
||
verify=False # 忽略SSL证书验证
|
||
)
|
||
article_response.raise_for_status()
|
||
|
||
# 检查内容编码
|
||
if article_response.encoding != 'utf-8':
|
||
# 尝试从响应头获取编码
|
||
content_type = article_response.headers.get('content-type', '')
|
||
if 'charset=' in content_type:
|
||
charset = content_type.split('charset=')[-1]
|
||
article_response.encoding = charset
|
||
else:
|
||
article_response.encoding = 'utf-8'
|
||
|
||
article_soup = BeautifulSoup(article_response.content, 'html.parser')
|
||
|
||
# 提取内容
|
||
content = self.extract_article_content(link_info['url'], article_soup)
|
||
title = link_info['title']
|
||
|
||
# 检查关键字匹配
|
||
matched_keywords = self.check_keyword_match(content, title)
|
||
|
||
if matched_keywords:
|
||
# 提取其他信息
|
||
publish_date = self.extract_publish_date(article_soup)
|
||
author = self.extract_author(article_soup)
|
||
|
||
# 检查是否已存在相同URL的文章
|
||
existing_content = CrawledContent.objects.filter(
|
||
url=link_info['url'],
|
||
task=self.task
|
||
).first()
|
||
|
||
if existing_content:
|
||
# 如果已存在，更新现有记录而不是创建新记录
|
||
existing_content.title = title
|
||
existing_content.content = content
|
||
existing_content.publish_date = publish_date
|
||
existing_content.author = author
|
||
existing_content.keywords_matched = ','.join(matched_keywords)
|
||
existing_content.save()
|
||
|
||
# 更新媒体文件
|
||
# 先删除旧的媒体文件
|
||
existing_content.media_files.all().delete()
|
||
# 然后重新下载媒体文件
|
||
media_files = self.extract_and_download_media(article_soup, existing_content, link_info['url'])
|
||
|
||
self.log('info', f'更新已存在的文章: {title[:50]}...', website)
|
||
else:
|
||
# 保存新内容
|
||
crawled_content = CrawledContent.objects.create(
|
||
task=self.task,
|
||
website=website,
|
||
title=title,
|
||
content=content,
|
||
url=link_info['url'],
|
||
publish_date=publish_date,
|
||
author=author,
|
||
keywords_matched=','.join(matched_keywords),
|
||
is_local_saved=False # 初始设置为False，保存到本地后会更新为True
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
# 提取并下载媒体文件
|
||
media_files = self.extract_and_download_media(article_soup, crawled_content, link_info['url'])
|
||
|
||
# 标记内容已保存
|
||
self.mark_content_saved(crawled_content)
|
||
|
||
self.log('info', f'保存新文章: {title[:50]}...', website)
|
||
|
||
crawled_count += 1
|
||
|
||
# 请求间隔
|
||
time.sleep(settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS['REQUEST_DELAY'])
|
||
|
||
except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'SSL错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'连接错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'请求超时，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'网络请求错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'字符编码错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'处理文章失败 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
|
||
self.log('info', f'网站爬取完成，共保存 {crawled_count} 篇文章', website)
|
||
return crawled_count
|
||
|
||
except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站SSL错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
return 0
|
||
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站连接错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
return 0
|
||
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站超时: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
return 0
|
||
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站网络错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
return 0
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站失败: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
return 0
|
||
|
||
def run(self):
|
||
"""运行爬取任务"""
|
||
self.log('info', f'开始执行爬取任务: {self.task.name}')
|
||
self.update_task_status('running')
|
||
|
||
total_crawled = 0
|
||
websites = self.task.websites.filter(is_active=True)
|
||
self.task.total_pages = websites.count()
|
||
self.task.save()
|
||
|
||
for website in websites:
|
||
try:
|
||
crawled_count = self.crawl_website(website)
|
||
total_crawled += crawled_count
|
||
self.task.crawled_pages += 1
|
||
self.task.save()
|
||
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站 {website.name} 时发生错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||
continue
|
||
|
||
# 更新任务状态
|
||
if total_crawled > 0:
|
||
self.update_task_status('completed')
|
||
self.log('info', f'爬取任务完成，共爬取 {total_crawled} 篇文章')
|
||
else:
|
||
self.update_task_status('failed', error_message='没有找到匹配的内容')
|
||
self.log('error', '爬取任务失败，没有找到匹配的内容')
|
||
|
||
|
||
def run_crawl_task(task_id):
|
||
"""运行爬取任务（Celery任务）"""
|
||
try:
|
||
crawler = WebsiteCrawler(task_id)
|
||
crawler.run()
|
||
return f"任务 {task_id} 执行完成"
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
# 记录异常到日志
|
||
logger.error(f"执行任务 {task_id} 时发生异常: {str(e)}", exc_info=True)
|
||
|
||
task = CrawlTask.objects.get(id=task_id)
|
||
task.status = 'failed'
|
||
task.error_message = str(e)
|
||
task.completed_at = timezone.now()
|
||
task.save()
|
||
|
||
CrawlLog.objects.create(
|
||
task=task,
|
||
level='error',
|
||
message=f'任务执行失败: {str(e)}'
|
||
)
|
||
return f"任务 {task_id} 执行失败: {str(e)}" |