Base setup
This commit is contained in:
578
crawler/crawler_engine.py
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578
crawler/crawler_engine.py
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import requests
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import time
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import re
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import logging
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import os
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import urllib3
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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
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from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
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from django.conf import settings
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from django.utils import timezone
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from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
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from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
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from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
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from .models import Website, CrawlTask, CrawledContent, CrawlLog, SearchKeyword, MediaFile
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# 禁用SSL警告
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urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
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# 设置日志记录器
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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class WebsiteCrawler:
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"""网站爬虫引擎"""
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def __init__(self, task_id):
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self.task = CrawlTask.objects.get(id=task_id)
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self.keywords = [kw.strip() for kw in self.task.keywords.split(',') if kw.strip()]
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# 创建带重试策略的会话
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self.session = requests.Session()
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self.session.headers.update({
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'User-Agent': settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS['USER_AGENT']
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})
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# 设置重试策略
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retry_strategy = Retry(
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total=settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS.get('MAX_RETRIES', 3),
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backoff_factor=1,
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status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504],
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)
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adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry_strategy)
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self.session.mount("http://", adapter)
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self.session.mount("https://", adapter)
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# 设置超时
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self.timeout = settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS['TIMEOUT']
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def log(self, level, message, website=None):
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"""记录日志"""
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CrawlLog.objects.create(
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task=self.task,
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website=website,
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level=level,
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message=message
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)
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# 同时记录到Python日志系统
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logger.log(getattr(logging, level.upper()), f"Task {self.task.id}: {message}")
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def update_task_status(self, status, **kwargs):
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"""更新任务状态"""
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self.task.status = status
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if status == 'running' and not self.task.started_at:
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self.task.started_at = timezone.now()
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elif status in ['completed', 'failed', 'cancelled']:
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self.task.completed_at = timezone.now()
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for key, value in kwargs.items():
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setattr(self.task, key, value)
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self.task.save()
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def extract_text_content(self, soup):
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"""提取文本内容，保持段落结构"""
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# 移除脚本和样式标签
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for script in soup(["script", "style"]):
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script.decompose()
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# 处理段落标签，保持段落结构
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paragraphs = []
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# 查找所有段落相关的标签
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for element in soup.find_all(['p', 'div', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6', 'br']):
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if element.name in ['p', 'div']:
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text = element.get_text().strip()
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if text:
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paragraphs.append(text)
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elif element.name in ['h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6']:
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text = element.get_text().strip()
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if text:
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paragraphs.append(f"\n{text}\n") # 标题前后加换行
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elif element.name == 'br':
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paragraphs.append('\n')
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# 如果没有找到段落标签，使用原来的方法
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if not paragraphs:
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text = soup.get_text()
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# 清理文本但保持换行
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lines = []
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for line in text.splitlines():
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line = line.strip()
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if line:
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lines.append(line)
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return '\n\n'.join(lines)
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# 合并段落，用双换行分隔
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content = '\n\n'.join(paragraphs)
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# 清理多余的空行
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import re
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content = re.sub(r'\n\s*\n\s*\n', '\n\n', content)
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return content.strip()
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def find_article_links(self, soup, base_url):
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"""查找文章链接"""
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links = []
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# 常见的文章链接选择器
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selectors = [
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'a[href*="article"]',
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'a[href*="news"]',
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'a[href*="content"]',
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'a[href*="detail"]',
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'a[href*="view"]',
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'a[href*="show"]',
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'.news-list a',
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'.article-list a',
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'.content-list a',
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'h3 a',
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'h4 a',
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'.title a',
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'.list-item a'
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]
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for selector in selectors:
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elements = soup.select(selector)
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for element in elements:
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href = element.get('href')
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if href:
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full_url = urljoin(base_url, href)
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title = element.get_text().strip()
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if title and len(title) > 5: # 过滤掉太短的标题
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links.append({
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'url': full_url,
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'title': title
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})
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return links
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def check_keyword_match(self, text, title):
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"""检查关键字匹配"""
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matched_keywords = []
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text_lower = text.lower()
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title_lower = title.lower()
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for keyword in self.keywords:
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keyword_lower = keyword.lower()
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if keyword_lower in text_lower or keyword_lower in title_lower:
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matched_keywords.append(keyword)
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return matched_keywords
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def extract_article_content(self, url, soup):
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"""提取文章内容"""
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# 尝试多种内容选择器
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content_selectors = [
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'.article-content',
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'.content',
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'.article-body',
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'.news-content',
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'.main-content',
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'.post-content',
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'article',
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'.detail-content',
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'#content',
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'.text'
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]
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content = ""
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for selector in content_selectors:
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element = soup.select_one(selector)
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if element:
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content = self.extract_text_content(element)
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if len(content) > 100: # 确保内容足够长
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break
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# 如果没找到特定内容区域，使用整个页面
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if not content or len(content) < 100:
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content = self.extract_text_content(soup)
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return content
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def extract_publish_date(self, soup):
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"""提取发布时间"""
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date_selectors = [
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'.publish-time',
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'.pub-time',
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'.date',
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'.time',
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'.publish-date',
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'time[datetime]',
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'.article-time',
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'.news-time'
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]
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for selector in date_selectors:
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element = soup.select_one(selector)
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if element:
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date_text = element.get_text().strip()
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if element.get('datetime'):
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date_text = element.get('datetime')
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# 尝试解析日期
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try:
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from datetime import datetime
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# 这里可以添加更复杂的日期解析逻辑
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# 暂时返回当前时间
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return timezone.now()
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except:
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continue
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return None
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def extract_author(self, soup):
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"""提取作者信息"""
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author_selectors = [
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'.author',
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'.writer',
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'.publisher',
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'.byline',
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'.article-author',
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'.news-author'
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]
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for selector in author_selectors:
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element = soup.select_one(selector)
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if element:
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return element.get_text().strip()
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return ""
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def download_media_file(self, media_url, crawled_content, media_type='image', alt_text=''):
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"""下载媒体文件"""
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try:
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# 检查URL是否有效
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if not media_url or not media_url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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return None
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# 请求媒体文件
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response = self.session.get(
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media_url,
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timeout=self.timeout,
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verify=False,
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stream=False # 改为False以确保获取完整内容
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)
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response.raise_for_status()
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# 获取文件信息
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content_type = response.headers.get('content-type', '')
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content_length = response.headers.get('content-length')
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file_size = int(content_length) if content_length else len(response.content)
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# 确定文件扩展名
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file_extension = self.get_file_extension_from_url(media_url, content_type)
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# 生成文件名
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filename = f"media_{crawled_content.id}_{len(crawled_content.media_files.all())}{file_extension}"
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# 创建媒体文件对象
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media_file = MediaFile.objects.create(
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content=crawled_content,
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media_type=media_type,
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original_url=media_url,
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file_size=file_size,
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mime_type=content_type,
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alt_text=alt_text
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)
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# 保存文件
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media_file.local_file.save(
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filename,
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ContentFile(response.content),
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save=True
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)
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self.log('info', f'媒体文件已下载: {filename} ({media_type})', crawled_content.website)
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return media_file
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except Exception as e:
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self.log('error', f'下载媒体文件失败 {media_url}: {str(e)}', crawled_content.website)
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return None
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def get_file_extension_from_url(self, url, content_type):
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"""从URL或内容类型获取文件扩展名"""
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# 从URL获取扩展名
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parsed_url = urlparse(url)
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path = parsed_url.path
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if '.' in path:
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return os.path.splitext(path)[1]
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# 从内容类型获取扩展名
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content_type_map = {
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'image/jpeg': '.jpg',
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'image/jpg': '.jpg',
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'image/png': '.png',
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'image/gif': '.gif',
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'image/webp': '.webp',
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'image/svg+xml': '.svg',
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'video/mp4': '.mp4',
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'video/avi': '.avi',
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'video/mov': '.mov',
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'video/wmv': '.wmv',
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'video/flv': '.flv',
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'video/webm': '.webm',
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'audio/mp3': '.mp3',
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'audio/wav': '.wav',
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'audio/ogg': '.ogg',
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'application/pdf': '.pdf',
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'application/msword': '.doc',
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'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document': '.docx',
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}
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return content_type_map.get(content_type.lower(), '.bin')
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def extract_and_download_media(self, soup, crawled_content, base_url):
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"""提取并下载页面中的媒体文件"""
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media_files = []
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# 提取图片
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images = soup.find_all('img')
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self.log('info', f'找到 {len(images)} 个图片标签', crawled_content.website)
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for img in images:
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src = img.get('src')
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if src:
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# 处理相对URL
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if src.startswith('//'):
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src = 'https:' + src
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elif src.startswith('/'):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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elif not src.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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alt_text = img.get('alt', '')
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self.log('info', f'尝试下载图片: {src}', crawled_content.website)
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media_file = self.download_media_file(src, crawled_content, 'image', alt_text)
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if media_file:
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media_files.append(media_file)
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self.log('info', f'成功下载图片: {media_file.local_file.name}', crawled_content.website)
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# 提取视频
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videos = soup.find_all(['video', 'source'])
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for video in videos:
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src = video.get('src')
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if src:
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# 处理相对URL
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if src.startswith('//'):
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src = 'https:' + src
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elif src.startswith('/'):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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elif not src.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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media_file = self.download_media_file(src, crawled_content, 'video')
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if media_file:
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media_files.append(media_file)
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# 提取音频
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audios = soup.find_all('audio')
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for audio in audios:
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src = audio.get('src')
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if src:
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# 处理相对URL
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if src.startswith('//'):
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src = 'https:' + src
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elif src.startswith('/'):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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elif not src.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
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src = urljoin(base_url, src)
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media_file = self.download_media_file(src, crawled_content, 'audio')
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if media_file:
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media_files.append(media_file)
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return media_files
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def mark_content_saved(self, crawled_content):
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"""标记内容已保存（内容已存储在数据库中）"""
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try:
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crawled_content.is_local_saved = True
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crawled_content.save()
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media_count = crawled_content.media_files.count()
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self.log('info', f'文章内容已保存到数据库 (包含 {media_count} 个媒体文件)', crawled_content.website)
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return True
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except Exception as e:
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self.log('error', f'标记内容保存状态失败: {str(e)}', crawled_content.website)
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return False
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def crawl_website(self, website):
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"""爬取单个网站"""
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self.log('info', f'开始爬取网站: {website.name}', website)
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try:
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# 请求主页
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response = self.session.get(
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website.url,
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timeout=self.timeout,
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verify=False # 忽略SSL证书验证
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)
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response.raise_for_status()
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# 检查内容编码
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if response.encoding != 'utf-8':
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# 尝试从响应头获取编码
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content_type = response.headers.get('content-type', '')
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if 'charset=' in content_type:
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charset = content_type.split('charset=')[-1]
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response.encoding = charset
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else:
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response.encoding = 'utf-8'
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soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
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# 查找文章链接
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article_links = self.find_article_links(soup, website.url)
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self.log('info', f'找到 {len(article_links)} 个文章链接', website)
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crawled_count = 0
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for link_info in article_links:
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try:
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# 请求文章页面
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article_response = self.session.get(
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link_info['url'],
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timeout=self.timeout,
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verify=False # 忽略SSL证书验证
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)
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article_response.raise_for_status()
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# 检查内容编码
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if article_response.encoding != 'utf-8':
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# 尝试从响应头获取编码
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content_type = article_response.headers.get('content-type', '')
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if 'charset=' in content_type:
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charset = content_type.split('charset=')[-1]
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article_response.encoding = charset
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else:
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article_response.encoding = 'utf-8'
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article_soup = BeautifulSoup(article_response.content, 'html.parser')
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# 提取内容
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content = self.extract_article_content(link_info['url'], article_soup)
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title = link_info['title']
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# 检查关键字匹配
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matched_keywords = self.check_keyword_match(content, title)
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if matched_keywords:
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# 提取其他信息
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publish_date = self.extract_publish_date(article_soup)
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author = self.extract_author(article_soup)
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# 保存内容
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crawled_content = CrawledContent.objects.create(
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task=self.task,
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website=website,
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title=title,
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content=content,
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url=link_info['url'],
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publish_date=publish_date,
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author=author,
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keywords_matched=','.join(matched_keywords),
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||||
is_local_saved=False # 初始设置为False，保存到本地后会更新为True
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 提取并下载媒体文件
|
||||
media_files = self.extract_and_download_media(article_soup, crawled_content, link_info['url'])
|
||||
|
||||
# 标记内容已保存
|
||||
self.mark_content_saved(crawled_content)
|
||||
|
||||
crawled_count += 1
|
||||
self.log('info', f'保存文章: {title[:50]}...', website)
|
||||
|
||||
# 请求间隔
|
||||
time.sleep(settings.CRAWLER_SETTINGS['REQUEST_DELAY'])
|
||||
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'SSL错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'连接错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'请求超时，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'网络请求错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'字符编码错误，跳过文章 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'处理文章失败 {link_info["url"]}: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
self.log('info', f'网站爬取完成，共保存 {crawled_count} 篇文章', website)
|
||||
return crawled_count
|
||||
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站SSL错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站连接错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站超时: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站网络错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站失败: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
|
||||
def run(self):
|
||||
"""运行爬取任务"""
|
||||
self.log('info', f'开始执行爬取任务: {self.task.name}')
|
||||
self.update_task_status('running')
|
||||
|
||||
total_crawled = 0
|
||||
websites = self.task.websites.filter(is_active=True)
|
||||
self.task.total_pages = websites.count()
|
||||
self.task.save()
|
||||
|
||||
for website in websites:
|
||||
try:
|
||||
crawled_count = self.crawl_website(website)
|
||||
total_crawled += crawled_count
|
||||
self.task.crawled_pages += 1
|
||||
self.task.save()
|
||||
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
self.log('error', f'爬取网站 {website.name} 时发生错误: {str(e)}', website)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
# 更新任务状态
|
||||
if total_crawled > 0:
|
||||
self.update_task_status('completed')
|
||||
self.log('info', f'爬取任务完成，共爬取 {total_crawled} 篇文章')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.update_task_status('failed', error_message='没有找到匹配的内容')
|
||||
self.log('error', '爬取任务失败，没有找到匹配的内容')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def run_crawl_task(task_id):
|
||||
"""运行爬取任务（Celery任务）"""
|
||||
try:
|
||||
crawler = WebsiteCrawler(task_id)
|
||||
crawler.run()
|
||||
return f"任务 {task_id} 执行完成"
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
# 记录异常到日志
|
||||
logger.error(f"执行任务 {task_id} 时发生异常: {str(e)}", exc_info=True)
|
||||
|
||||
task = CrawlTask.objects.get(id=task_id)
|
||||
task.status = 'failed'
|
||||
task.error_message = str(e)
|
||||
task.completed_at = timezone.now()
|
||||
task.save()
|
||||
|
||||
CrawlLog.objects.create(
|
||||
task=task,
|
||||
level='error',
|
||||
message=f'任务执行失败: {str(e)}'
|
||||
)
|
||||
return f"任务 {task_id} 执行失败: {str(e)}"
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user